Substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and their use for controlling harmful fungi

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to 5,6-dialkyl-7-amino-triazolopyrimidines of formula (I), in which the substituents are defined as follows: R 1  represents alkyl or alkoxyalkyl; R 2  represents alkyl, R 1  and/or R 2  being substituted according to the description. The invention also relates to a method for producing said compounds, to agents containing the latter and to their use for controlling plant-pathogenic fungi.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to 5,6-dialkyl-7-aminotriazolopyrimidines of the formula I

in which the substituents are as defined below:

R¹ is C₁-C₅-alkyl or C₁-C₁₀-alkoxy-C₁-C₁₀-alkyl,

R² is C₅-C₁₂-alkyl,

where R¹ and/or R² may be substituted by one to three of the following groups:

-   -   cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio or         NR^(a)R^(b);     -   R^(a), R^(b) are hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl.

Moreover, the invention relates to processes for preparing these compounds, to compositions comprising them and to their use for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

5,6-Dialkyl-7-aminotriazolopyrimidines are proposed in a general manner in GB 1 148 629. Individual fungicidally active 5,6-dialkyl-7-aminotriazolopyrimidines are known from EP-A 141 317. However, in many cases their activity is unsatisfactory. Based on this, it is an object of the present invention to provide compounds having improved activity and/or a wider activity spectrum.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

We have found that this object is achieved by the compounds defined at the outset. Furthermore, we have found processes and intermediates for their preparation, compositions comprising them and methods for controlling harmful fungi using the compounds I.

The compounds of the formula I differ from those in the abovementioned publications by the specific arrangement of the substituent in the 5-position of the triazolopyrimidine skeleton.

Compared to the known compounds, the compounds of the formula I are more effective against harmful fungi.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compounds according to the invention can be obtained by different routes. Advantageously, the compounds according to the invention are obtained by reacting substituted β-keto esters of the formula II with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole of the formula III to give 7-hydroxytriazolopyrimidines of the formula IV. The groups R¹ and R² in formulae II and IV are as defined for formula I and the group R in formula II is C₁-C₄-alkyl; for practical reasons, preference is given here to methyl, ethyl or propyl.

The reaction of the substituted β-keto esters of the formula II with the aminoazoles of the formula III can be carried out in the presence or absence of solvents. It is advantageous to use solvents to which the starting materials are substantially inert and in which they are completely or partially soluble. Suitable solvents are in particular alcohols, such as ethanol, propanols, butanols, glycols or glycol monoethers, diethylene glycols or their monoethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene or mesitylene, amides, such as dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dibutylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, lower alkanoic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or bases, such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal amides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates and also alkali metal bicarbonates, organometallic compounds, in particular alkali metal alkyls, alkylmagnesium halides and also alkali metal and alkaline earth metal alkoxides and dimethoxymagnesium, moreover organic bases, for example tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylethylamine, tributylamine and N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, substituted pyridines, such as collidine, lutidine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and also bicyclic amines and mixtures of these solvents with water. Suitable catalysts are bases, such as those mentioned above, or acids, such as sulfonic acids or mineral acids. With particular preference, the reaction is carried out without solvent or in chlorobenzene, xylene, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone. Particularly preferred bases are tertiary amines, such as triisopropylethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine or N-methylpiperidine. The temperatures are from 50 to 300° C., preferably from 50 to 180° C., if the reaction is carried out in solution [cf. EP-A 770 615; Adv. Het. Chem. 57 (1993), 81ff].

The bases are generally employed in catalytic amounts; however, they can also be employed in equimolar amounts, in excess or, if appropriate, as solvent.

In most cases, the resulting condensates of the formula IV precipitate from the reaction solutions in pure form and, after washing with the same solvent or with water and subsequent drying, they are reacted with halogenating agents, in particular chlorinating or brominating agents, to give the compounds of the formula V in which Hal is chlorine or bromine, in particular chlorine. The reaction is preferably carried out using chlorinating agents such as phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride or sulfonyl chloride at from 50° C. to 150° C., preferably in excess phosphorus oxytrichloride at reflux temperature. After evaporation of the excess phosphorus oxytrichloride, the residue is treated with ice-water, if appropriate with addition of a water-immiscible solvent. In most cases, the chlorinated product isolated from the dried organic phase, if appropriate after evaporation of the inert solvent, is very pure and is subsequently reacted with ammonia in inert solvents at from 100° C. to 200° C. to give the 7-amino-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. This reaction is preferably carried out using a 1- to 10-molar excess of ammonia, under a pressure of from 1 to 100 bar.

The novel 7-aminoazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are, if appropriate after evaporation of the solvent, isolated as crystalline compounds, by digestion in water.

The β-keto esters of the formula II can be prepared as described in Organic Synthesis Coll. Vol. 1, p. 248, and/or they are commercially available.

Alternatively, the novel compounds of the formula I can be obtained by reacting substituted acyl cyanides of the formula VI in which R¹ and R² are as defined above with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole of the formula III.

The reaction can be carried out in the presence or absence of solvents. It is advantageous to use solvents to which the starting materials are substantially inert and in which they are completely or partially soluble. Suitable solvents are in particular alcohols, such as ethanol, propanols, butanols, glycols or glycol monoethers, diethylene glycols or their monoethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene or mesitylene, amides, such as dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dibutylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, lower alkanoic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or bases, such as those mentioned above, and mixtures of these solvents with water. The reaction temperatures are from 50 to 300° C., preferably from 50 to 150° C., if the reaction is carried out in solution.

The novel 7-aminotriazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are, if appropriate after evaporation of the solvent or dilution with water, isolated as crystalline compounds.

Some of the substituted alkyl cyanides of the formula VI required for preparing the 7-aminoazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are known, or they can be prepared by known methods from alkyl cyanides and carboxylic acid esters using strong bases, for example alkali metal hydrides, alkali metal alkoxides, alkali metal amides or metal alkyls (cf.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73, (1951), p. 3766).

If individual compounds I cannot be obtained by the routes described above, they can be prepared by derivatization of other compounds I.

If the synthesis yields mixtures of isomers, a separation is generally not necessarily required since in some cases the individual isomers can be interconverted during work-up for use or during application (for example under the action of light, acids or bases). Such conversions may also take place after use, for example in the treated plants when plants are treated, or in the harmful fungus to be controlled.

In the definitions of symbols given in the above formulae, collective terms were used which are generally representative of the following substituents:

halogen: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine;

alkyl: saturated straight-chain or mono- or dibranched hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4 or 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example C₁-C₆-alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethyl-butyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethyl-propyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl;

cycloalkyl: mono- or bicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 6 carbon ring members, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

alkoxyalkyl: a saturated straight-chain or mono-, di-, or tribranched hydrocarbon chain which is interrupted by an oxygen atom, for example C₂-C₁₁-alkoxyalkyl: a hydrocarbon chain as described above having 2 to 11 carbon atoms which may be interrupted in any position by an oxygen atom, such as methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, propoxyethyl, butoxyethyl, pentoxyethyl, hexyloxyethyl, heptyloxyethyl, octyloxyethyl, nonyloxyethyl, 3-(3-ethylhexyloxy)ethyl, 3-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyloxy)ethyl, 3-(1-ethyl-3-methylbutoxy)ethyl, methoxypropyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxypropyl, butoxypropyl, pentoxypropyl, hexyloxypropyl, heptyloxypropyl, octyloxypropyl, nonyloxypropyl, 3-(3-ethylhexyloxy)propyl, 3-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyloxy)propyl, 3-(1-ethyl-3-methyl-butoxy)propyl, methoxybutyl, ethoxybutyl, propoxybutyl, butoxybutyl, pentoxybutyl, hexyloxybutyl, heptyloxybutyl, octyloxybutyl, nonyloxybutyl, 3-(3-ethylhexyloxy)butyl, 3-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyloxy)butyl, 3-(1-ethyl-3-methylbutoxy)butyl, methoxypentyl, ethoxypentyl, propoxypentyl, butoxypentyl, pentoxypentyl, hexyloxypentyl.

The scope of the present invention includes the (R)- and (S)-isomers and the racemates of compounds of the formula I having chiral centers.

With a view to the intended use of the triazolopyrimidines of the formula I, particular preference is given to the following meanings of the substituents, in each case on their own or in combination:

Preference is given to compounds I in which the sum of the carbon atoms in the groups R¹ and R² is at most 14.

The alkyl groups in R¹ and R² in formula I are preferably straight-chain or mono-, di- or tribranched alkyl groups.

Preference is given to compounds I in which R¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl, in particular methyl or ethyl, where R¹ may be substituted as defined at the outset.

Preference is given to compounds I in which R¹ and R² which do not carry any substituents.

Particular preference is given to compounds I in which R¹ is C₅-C₁₂-alkoxyalkyl, where the carbon chains are unsubstituted or may be substituted as defined at the outset.

In one embodiment of the compounds I, R¹ is alkoxyalkyl.

In another embodiment of the compounds I, both groups R¹ and R² are alkyl, which is substituted as defined at the outset or, preferably, unsubstituted.

Preference is given to compounds I in which R² is a straight-chain or a mono- or dibranched C₅-C₁₂-alkyl group which does not carry any further substituents.

In another embodiment of the compounds of the formula I, R² is branched at the a carbon atom. They are described by formula Ia:

in which R²¹ is C₃-C₁₀-alkyl or C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl and R²² is C₁-C₄-alkyl, in particular methyl, where R¹¹ and R¹² together have at most 12 carbon atoms and are unsubstituted or may be substituted like R¹ in formula I.

If R¹ or R² contains a cyano group, this is preferably located at the terminal carbon atom.

Particular preference is given to compounds I in which R² is n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-propyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methyl-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.

In a further preferred embodiment of the compounds of the formula I, R² is n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-octyl, 1-methylheptyl, n-nonyl, 1-methyloctyl, n-decyl, 1-methylnonyl, n-undecyl, 1-methyldecyl, n-dodecyl or 1-methylundecyl.

In particular with a view to their use, preference is given to the compounds I compiled in the tables below. Moreover, the groups mentioned for a substituent in the tables are per se, independently of the combination in which they are mentioned, a particularly preferred embodiment of the substituent in question.

Table 1

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is methyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

Table 2

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is ethyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

Table 3

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is n-propyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

Table 4

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is isopropyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

Table 5

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is n-butyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

Table 6

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is isobutyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

Table 7

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is sec-butyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

Table 8

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is n-pentyl and R² for each compound corresponds to one row of Table A

TABLE A No. R² A-1 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-2 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-3 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-4 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₃ A-5 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-6 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₃ A-7 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)₂ A-8 CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-9 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-10 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-11 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-12 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-13 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂CH₂ A-14 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-15 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-16 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-17 CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-18 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₃ A-19 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-20 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-21 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-22 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-23 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-24 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₃ A-25 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-26 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-27 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-28 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-29 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-30 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-31 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₃ A-32 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-33 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-34 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-35 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-36 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-37 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-38 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-39 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-40 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-41 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-42 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃ A-43 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-44 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-45 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-46 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-47 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-48 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-49 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-50 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-51 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-52 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-53 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-54 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-55 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-56 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-57 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-58 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-59 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-60 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-61 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₃ A-62 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-63 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-64 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-65 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-66 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-67 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-68 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂ A-69 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-70 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃CH₂ A-71 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-72 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃) CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-73 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-74 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-75 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-76 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-77 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-78 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-79 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-80 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃) CH₃ A-81 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃) CH₃ A-82 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-83 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-84 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-85 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-86 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-87 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-88 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-89 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-90 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-91 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-92 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-93 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-94 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-95 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-96 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-97 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-98 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-99 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-100 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-101 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-102 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-103 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-104 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-105 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-106 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂ CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-107 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-108 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-109 CH₂ CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂ A-110 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-111 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-112 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-113 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-114 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-115 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ A-116 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-117 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-118 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-119 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-120 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂ CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-121 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂ CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-122 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-123 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-124 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-125 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-126 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ A-127 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-128 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ A-129 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃ A-130 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-131 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-132 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-133 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-134 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-135 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-136 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-137 CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-138 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-139 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-140 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-141 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-142 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CN A-143 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-144 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-145 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-146 CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-147 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-148 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-149 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-150 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-151 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-152 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-153 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-154 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-155 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-156 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-157 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-158 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-159 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-160 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-161 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-162 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-163 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-164 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-165 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-166 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-167 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-168 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-169 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-170 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-171 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CN A-172 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-173 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-174 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-175 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-176 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-177 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-178 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-179 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-180 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-181 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-182 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-183 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-184 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-185 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-186 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-187 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-188 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-189 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-190 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-191 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-192 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-193 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-194 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-195 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-196 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-197 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-198 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-199 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-200 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-201 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃) CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-202 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-203 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-204 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-205 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-206 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-207 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-208 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-209 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)CH₂CN A-210 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-211 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-212 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-213 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-214 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-215 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-216 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-217 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-218 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-219 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-220 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-221 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-222 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-223 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-224 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-225 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-226 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-227 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-228 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-229 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-230 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-231 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-232 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-233 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN A-234 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-235 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-236 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-237 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-238 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-239 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-240 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-241 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-242 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-243 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-244 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN A-245 CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-246 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-247 CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-248 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-249 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂ CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-250 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂ CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-251 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-252 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-253 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-254 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-255 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN A-256 CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-257 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN A-258 CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN

The compounds I are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, especially from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Oomycetes and Basidiomycetes, especially from the class of the Oomycetes. Some are systemically effective and they can be used in plant protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed-dressing and soil fungicides.

They are particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi on various cultivated plants, such as wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, grass, bananas, cotton, soya, coffee, sugar cane, grapevines, fruit and ornamental plants, and vegetables, such as cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, potatoes and cucurbits, and on the seeds of these plants.

They are especially suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:

-   -   Alternaria species on fruit and vegetables,     -   Bipolaris and Drechslera species on cereals, rice and lawns,     -   Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals,     -   Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on strawberries, vegetables,         ornamental plants and grapevines,     -   Bremia lactucae on lettuce     -   Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea on cucurbits,     -   Fusarium and Verticillium species on various plants,     -   Mycosphaerella species on cereals, bananas and peanuts,     -   Peronospora species on cabbage and bulbous plants,     -   Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae on soybeans,     -   Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes,     -   Phytophthora capsici on peppers,     -   Plasmopara viticola on grapevines,     -   Podosphaera leucotricha on apples,     -   Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on wheat and barley,     -   Pseudoperonospora species on hops and cucumbers,     -   Puccinia species on cereals,     -   Pyricularia oryzae on rice,     -   Pythium aphanidermatum on lawns,     -   Rhizoctonia species on cotton, rice and lawns,     -   Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum on wheat,     -   Uncinula necator on grapevines,     -   Ustilago species on cereals and sugar cane, and     -   Venturia species (scab) on apples and pears.

They are particularly suitable for controlling harmful fungi from the class of the Oomycetes, such as Peronospora species, Phytophthora species, Plasmopara viticola and Pseudoperonospora species.

The compounds I are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi, such as Paecilomyces variotii, in the protection of materials (e.g. wood, paper, paint dispersions, fibers or fabrics) and in the protection of stored products.

The compounds I are employed by treating the fungi or the plants, seeds, materials or soil to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of the active compounds. The application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the materials, plants or seeds by the fungi.

The fungicidal compositions generally comprise between 0.1 and 95%, preferably between 0.5 and 90%, by weight of active compound.

When employed in plant protection, the amounts applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, between 0.01 and 2.0 kg of active compound per ha.

In seed treatment, amounts of active compound of 1 to 1000 g/100 kg, preferably 5 to 100 g/100 kg of seed are generally required.

When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of active compound applied depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are, for example, 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active compound per cubic meter of treated material.

The compounds I can be converted into the customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The application form depends on the particular intended use; in each case, it should ensure a fine and uniform distribution of the compound according to the invention.

The formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by extending the active compound with solvents and/or carriers, if desired using emulsifiers and dispersants. Solvents/auxiliaries which are suitable are essentially:

-   -   water, aromatic solvents (for example Solvesso products,         xylene), paraffins (for example mineral oil fractions), alcohols         (for example methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol),         ketones (for example cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone),         pyrrolidones (NMP, NOP), acetates (glycol diacetate), glycols,         fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters. In         principle, solvent mixtures may also be used,     -   carriers such as ground natural minerals (for example kaolins,         clays, talc, chalk) and ground synthetic minerals (for example         highly disperse silica, silicates); emulsifiers such as         nonionogenic and anionic emulsifiers (for example         polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, alkylsulfonates and         arylsulfonates) and dispersants such as lignosulfite waste         liquors and methylcellulose.

Suitable surfactants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.

Suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.

Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.

Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.

In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the active compound. The active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).

The Following are Examples of Formulations: 1. Products for Dilution with Water

A Water-soluble Concentrates (SL)

10 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in water or in a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water.

B Dispersible Concentrates (DC)

20 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in cyclohexanone with addition of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion.

C Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)

15 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5%). Dilution with water gives an emulsion.

D Emulsions (EW, EO)

40 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5%). This mixture is introduced into water by means of an emulsifying machine (Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion.

E Suspensions (SC, OD)

In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are comminuted with addition of dispersants, wetters and water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound.

F Water-dispersible Granules and Water-soluble Granules (WG, SG)

50 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground finely with addition of dispersants and wetters and made into water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound.

G Water-dispersible Powders and Water-soluble Powders (WP, SP)

75 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound.

2. Products to be Applied Undiluted

H Dustable Powders (DP)

5 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95% of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product.

I Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)

0.5 part by weight of a compound according to the invention is ground finely and associated with 95.5% carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted.

J ULV Solutions (UL)

10 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a product to be applied undiluted.

The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or pouring. The use forms depend entirely on the intended uses; the intention is to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention.

Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.

The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.01 to 1%.

The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), by which it is possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.

Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, other pesticides, or bactericides may be added to the active compounds, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the agents according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1.

The compositions according to the invention can, in the use form as fungicides, also be present together with other active compounds, e.g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers. Mixing the compounds I or the compositions comprising them in the application form as fungicides with other fungicides results in many cases in an expansion of the fungicidal spectrum of activity being obtained.

The following list of fungicides, in conjunction with which the compounds according to the invention can be used, is intended to illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them:

-   -   acylalanines, such as benalaxyl, metalaxyl, ofurace or oxadixyl,     -   amine derivatives, such as aldimorph, dodine, dodemorph,         fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, guazatine, iminoctadine, spiroxamine         or tridemorph,     -   anilinopyrimidines, such as pyrimethanil, mepanipyrim or         cyprodinyl,     -   antibiotics, such as cycloheximide, griseofulvin, kasugamycin,         natamycin, polyoxin or streptomycin,     -   azoles, such as bitertanol, bromoconazole, cyproconazole,         difenoconazole, dinitroconazole, enilconazole, epoxiconazole,         fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, hexaconazole,         imazalil, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole,         prochloraz, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon,         triadimenol, triflumizole or triticonazole,     -   dicarboximides, such as iprodione, myclozolin, procymidone or         vinclozolin,     -   dithiocarbamates, such as ferbam, nabam, maneb, mancozeb, metam,         metiram, propineb, polycarbamate, thiram, ziram or zineb,     -   heterocyclic compounds, such as anilazine, benomyl, boscalid,         carbendazim, carboxin, oxycarboxin, cyazofamid, dazomet,         dithianon, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fuberidazole,         flutolanil, furametpyr, isoprothiolane, mepronil, nuarimol,         probenazole, proquinazid, pyrifenox, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen,         silthiofam, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl,         tiadinil, tricyclazole or triforine,     -   copper fungicides, such as Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate,         copper oxychloride or basic copper sulfate,     -   nitrophenyl derivatives, such as binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton         or nitrophthal-isopropyl,     -   phenylpyrroles, such as fenpiclonil or fludioxonil,     -   sulfur,     -   other fungicides, such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, benthiavalicarb,         carpropamid, chlorothalonil, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil,         diclomezine, diclocymet, diethofencarb, edifenphos, ethaboxam,         fenhexamid, fentin acetate, fenoxanil, ferimzone, fluazinam,         phosphorous acid, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprovalicarb,         hexachlorobenzene, metrafenone, pencycuron, propamocarb,         phthalide, tolclofos-methyl, quintozene or zoxamide,     -   strobilurins, such as azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin,         fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin,         picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin or trifloxystrobin,     -   sulfenic acid derivatives, such as captafol, captan,         dichlofluanid, folpet or tolylfluanid,     -   cinnamides and analogous compounds, such as dimethomorph,         flumetover or flumorph.

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES

The procedures illustrated in the synthesis examples below were, with appropriate modification of the starting materials, used to obtain further compounds I. The compounds obtained in this manner are listed in the table that follows, together with physical data.

Example 1 Synthesis of 1-methyl-2-oxooctane-1-nitrile

At −75° C., 100 ml of a 15% by weight strength solution of butyl lithium in hexane were added, over a period of 1 hour, to a solution of 8.25 g (0.15 mol) of propionitrile in 200 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF). The temperature was maintained, and after 2 hours of stirring, 21.6 g (0.15 mol) of methyl heptanoate were added dropwise over a period of 1 hour. After a further 2 hours of stirring, the solution was allowed to warm to about 20-25° C. over about 14 hours. At 5-10° C., 50 ml of water were added to the reaction mixture and the pH was adjusted to 1-2 using semi-concentrated hydrochloric acid. The organic phase was removed and washed with water and dilute aqueous NaHCO₃ solution until neutral. After drying, the solvent was distilled off. This gave 26.0 g of the title compound as a brown oil.

Example 2 Preparation of 5-hexyl-6-methyl-7-aminotriazolopyrimidine [1-2]

At 190° C., a suspension of 10.0 g (60 mmol) of the nitrile from Ex. 1, 3.8 g (45 mmol) of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 1.7 g (9 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid in 50 ml of mesitylene was heated on a water separator for 4 hours. The mesitylene was then distilled off, and the residue was digested with dichloromethane/water. The residue was filtered off, dried and chromatographed on silica gel using dichloromethane/ethyl acetate. This gives 0.5 g of the title compound in the form of colorless crystals.

TABLE I Compounds of the formula I Phys. Data No. R¹ R² (m.p. [° C.]) I-1 CH₃ (CH₂)₄CH₃ 222-223 I-2 CH₃ (CH₂)₅CH₃ 193-194 I-3 CH₃ (CH₂)₆CH₃ 182-183 I-4 CH₃ (CH₂)₇CH₃ 191-192 I-5 CH₃ (CH₂)₈CH₃ 181-182 I-6 CH₃ (CH₂)₉CH₃ 187-188 I-7 CH₂CH₃ (CH₂)₇CH₃ 184-185 I-8 CH₂CH₃ (CH₂)₈CH₃ 178-179 I-9 CH₂CH₃ (CH₂)₉CH₃ 180-181 I-10 CH₂CH₂CH₃ (CH₂)₇CH₃ 162-163 I-11 CH₂CH₂CH₃ (CH₂)₈CH₃ 161-162 I-12 CH₂CH₂CH₃ (CH₂)₉CH₃ 151-152 I-13 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ (CH₂)₆CH₃ 152-156

Examples of the Action Against Harmful Fungi

The fungicidal action of the compounds of the formula I was demonstrated by the following experiments:

The active compounds were prepared as a stock solution comprising 25 mg of active compound which was made up to 10 ml using a mixture of acetone and/or DMSO and the emulsifier Uniperol® EL 9 (wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkyl phenols) in a ratio by volume of solvent:emulsifier of 99:1. The mixture was then made up to 100 ml with water. This stock solution was diluted with the solvent/emulsifier/water mixture described to the active compound concentration stated below.

Use Example 1: Activity Against Late Blight of Tomatoes Caused by Phytophthora infestans, Protective Treatment

Leaves of potted tomato plants were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension of the active compounds. The next day, the leaves were infected with an aqueous sporangia suspension of Phytophthora infestans. The plants were then placed on a water-vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures between 18 and 20° C. After 6 days the late blight on the untreated, but infected control plants had developed to such an extent that the infection could be determined visually in %.

In this test, the plants which had been treated with 250 ppm of the compound I-1 or I-2 showed an infection of at most 10%, whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.

Use Example 2—Activity Against Peronospora of Grapevines Caused by Plasmopara viticola 5 Day Protective Application

Leaves of potted vines were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of active compounds stated below. Five days after application, the undersides of the leaves were inoculated with an aqueous sporangia suspension of Plasmopara viticola. The vines were then initially placed in a water-vapor-saturated chamber at 24° C. for 48 hours and then in a greenhouse at temperatures between 20° C. and 30° C. for five days. After this time, the plants were once more placed in a humid chamber for 16 hours to promote the eruption of sporangiophores. The extent of the development of the infection on the undersides of the leaves was then determined visually.

In this test, the plants which had been treated with 250 ppm of the active compound I-1, I-2, I-10 or I-13 showed an infection of at most 10%, whereas the untreated plants were 80% infected. 

1. A triazolopyrimidine of the formula I

in which the substituents are as defined below: R¹ is C₁-C₅-alkyl or C₁-C₁₀-alkoxy-C₁-C₁₀-alkyl, R² is C₅-C₁₂-alkyl, where R¹ and/or R² may be substituted by one to three of the following groups: cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, NR^(a)R^(b); R^(a), R^(b) are hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl.
 2. The compound of the formula I according to claim 1 in which R¹ and R² are unsubstituted and together have at most 14 carbon atoms.
 3. The compound of the formula I according to claim 1 in which R¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl, where the carbon chains are unsubstituted or may be substituted according to claim
 1. 4. The compound of the formula I according to claim 1 in which R² is n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl or 1-methyloctyl.
 5. 6-Methyl-5-pentyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 5-Hexyl-6-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 5-Heptyl-6-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 6-Methyl-5-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 6-Methyl-5-nonyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 6-Ethyl-5-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 6-Ethyl-5-noctyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 5-Decyl-6-ethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 5-Octyl-6-propyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; 5-Nonyl-6-propyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine; or 5-Decyl-6-propyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine.
 6. A process for preparing compounds of the formula I according to claim 1 wherein β-keto esters of the formula II,

in which R is C₁-C₄-alkyl are reacted with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole of the formula III

to give 7-hydroxytriazolopyrimidines of the formula IV

which are halogenated to give compounds of the formula V

in which Hal is chlorine or bromine, and V is reacted with ammonia.
 7. A process for preparing compounds of the formula I according to claim 1 wherein acyl cyanides of the formula VI,

are reacted with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole of the formula III,


8. A fungicidal composition comprising a solid or liquid carrier and a compound of the formula I according to claim
 1. 9. Seed coated with a compound of the formula I according to claim 1 in an amount of 1 to 1000 g per 100 kg.
 10. A method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi wherein the fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or seed to be protected against fungal attack are treated with an effective amount of a compound of the formula I according to claim
 1. 